CPV codes are used in both public and commercial procurement — but what is the CPV classifier and how does it work in practice? The experts at Etenders.ge explain the structure, history and practice of application in tenders.
1. The CPV Classifier — The Basic Idea
One of the main challenges in the procurement process is the correct description and standardisation of procurement objects. CPV codes represent a classification system for procurement objects that helps:
— purchasing organisations — assign the procurement object to established codes
— suppliers — easily find tenders of interest to them
CPV (Common Procurement Vocabulary) is a standard developed by the European Union, available in 23 official languages of EU member states, aimed at improving the transparency and efficiency of procurement processes. The use of a standardised vocabulary significantly simplifies access to tender information for both local and foreign companies.
The first version of the CPV classifier was introduced in 1993 and has since been updated three times. Its use in EU member states has been mandatory since 1 February 2006.
2. How are CPV Codes Structured?
According to European Commission Regulation (213/2008), the CPV system consists of two main parts.
The main vocabulary contains approximately 9,450 entries and consists of 8-digit codes accompanied by a check digit. The codes are presented in a five-level hierarchical structure:
— the first 2 digits — highest-level categories
— subsequent digits — more specific subcategories
— the last (9th) digit — a check digit, not part of the description
The more digits used, the more detailed the description of the procurement object.
The supplementary vocabulary is used to specify additional characteristics of the object. It is divided into sections:
— A–M — goods
— P–U — services
— D and F — both goods and services
Example: if the main code is 39121200-8 — Tables, supplementary codes can specify:
— "AB13-8" — wooden
— "FA03-2" — for school use
— "FG10-9" — for outdoor use
3. Application of the CPV Classifier in Georgia
In Georgia, CPV codes have been used for many years — in both public procurement and commercial tenders (including on Etenders.ge).
According to Georgia's public procurement legislation, the homogeneity of procurement objects is determined by the first three digits of the main vocabulary (CPV group). This affects:
— the choice of procurement procedure
— the necessity of announcing a tender
— the possibility of combining objects
As a result, the combining of non-homogeneous objects in a single tender is restricted — which better takes into account the specialisation of companies on the market.
4. Practical Application and Simplification
Despite the detail of the CPV system, its practical application is often simplified — the check digit is not used and the supplementary vocabulary is rarely applied.
On Etenders.ge, when publishing a tender announcement, users can search for CPV codes using keywords. A more detailed code search system is available in the state procurement electronic system.
For Suppliers — Why is CPV Important?
Registered suppliers on Etenders.ge can:
— specify CPV codes in their profile
— receive automatic notifications about relevant tenders
— use keywords for additional filtering
This increases access to relevant tenders and improves participation efficiency.
Conclusion
The CPV classifier is a fundamental element of the procurement system, ensuring a unified approach to describing objects. Its correct use simplifies the search for tenders, increases transparency and improves analysis and planning capabilities. A CPV code is not merely a technical detail — it is the foundation of effective and competitive procurement.
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Author: Aleksander Chkhikvishvili
